Article: blue pigments in Portuguese 19th century technical literature (2009)

Title: Traditional and modern blue pigments in Portuguese 19th century technical literature
Author: Sónia Barros dos Santosa, António João Cruz
Reference: Andrea Macchia, Ernesto Borrelli, Luigi Campanella (org.), YOCOCU 2008. Youth in Conservation of Cultural Heritage. Proceedings, Rome, Italian Association of Conservation Scientists - Italian Society of Chemistry, 2009, pp. 44-50
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Abstract:

19th century was a period of major chemical discoveries and industrial development that led to the emergence of new pigments. The technical literature of this century suggests that in Portugal traditional blue pigments, which had already been abandoned in other places, continued to be used, with some significance, at the end of the century. On the other hand, it shows that new pigments only began to appear, on average, about 50 or 40 years after their discovery or beginning of commercialization, respectively. However, in the end of the century, international trade marks such as Lefranc were already at painters' disposal.